![]() The drainage point for the right upper body is a lymphatic trunk that empties into the right subclavian vein. Note relationship to the sternocleidomastoid muscle. These tubules unite, forming larger ducts that collect lymph and carry it to the lymph nodes around the body. They are then collected throughout the body by a profusion of microscopic tubules ( Fig. ![]() The fluids and proteins that constitute lymphatic fluid move from the bloodstream into the interstitial spaces. The lymphatic and cardiovascular systems are intimately related. It contains a variety of white blood cells (mostly lymphocytes) and, on occasion, red blood cells. Lymph is a clear, sometimes milky-colored or yellow-tinged fluid. In addition, the lymphatic system plays an undesirable role in providing at least one pathway for the spread of malignancy. Production of lymphocytes within the lymph nodes, tonsils, adenoids, spleen, and bone marrowĪbsorption of fat and fat-soluble substances from the intestinal tract Phagocytosis-the ingestion and digestion by cells of solid substances such as other cells, bacteria, and bits of dead tissue or foreign particles-is a specific function of cells in lymph nodes Without lymphatic drainage, fluid would build up in interstitial spaces because more fluid leaves capillaries than veins can absorb.įiltration of fluid before it is returned to the bloodstream, filtering out substances that could be harmful to the body, and filtering microorganisms from the blood Movement of lymph fluid within the cardiovascular system, a major factor in the maintenance of fluid balance. This wide-ranging presence is essential to the system’s role in immunologic and metabolic processes. An integral part of the immune system, the lymphatic system supports a network of defenses against microorganisms.Įxcept for the placenta and the brain, every tissue supplied by blood vessels has lymphatic vessels. When the immune system fails, the individual may experience a variety of illnesses, such as an allergic reaction or an immunodeficiency-either congenital or acquired (e.g., infection with human immunodeficiency virus ), or autoimmune, that is allergy to oneself (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus). Tissue rejection of transplanted organs is an unwelcome manifestation of immunocompetence. When it functions well, the individual has a competent immune system with a normal immune response to antigen exposure. The immune system protects the body from the antigenic substances of invading organisms, removes damaged cells from the circulation, and provides a partial barrier to the maturation of malignant cells within the body. Lymphatic system (lymphoreticular system).
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